Figure 1: Illustrative comparison of Benefit-to-Cost-Ratios (BCR) from various adaptation measures

Gulf Coast, US

Sandbags
10.0
Local levees at high risk priority areas
1.0
Home elevation at high risk priority areas
0.4
Shoreline levees
0.3

San Pedro Sula, Honduras

Refurbished collectors
42.2
Community based solid waste management
37.3
Vegetated swales
22.5
Dry flood-proofing (housing)
14.3

UK

Detention areas
9.0
Strengthen dykes
4.0
Flood proofing
2.1
Relocation
2.2

Lagos, Nigeria

Increasing permeable area
36.1
Rehabilitation of drainage systems
9.5
Detention ponds
2.8

Kampala, Uganda

Increasing permeable area
98.4
Rehabilitation of drainage systems
31.7
Detention ponds
18.4

Can Tho, Vietnam

Mobile flood embankments
48.3
Rehabilitation of existing drainage canals
29.3
Retention reservoirs
11.8
Flood wall
9.9

Source: Swiss Re Institute compilation based on Behre, Eike, et al., Dottori, Francesco, et al., InsuResilience Solutions Fund (2021), Reguero, Borja G., et al. , Rojas, Alvaro, et al.