| Level 0 | Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Level 4 | Level 5 |
| Level of automation | |||||
| No automation | Driver assistance | Partial automation | Conditional automation | High automation | Full automation |
| Responsibility | |||||
| Human |
Transfer of responsibility (from human to machine) |
Machine | |||
| Requirement for a human driver | |||||
| Driver must be fully in control of the vehicle in all driving situations | Driver is weakly supported by ADAS in specific driving situations | Driver is significantly supported by ADAS in specific driving situations | Human intervention needed in broad ODDs** | Human intervention needed in restricted ODDs** | Driver is not required in any driving situation |
** ODD = Operational Design Domain is the set of all conceivable conditions, scenarios, restrictions that an AV may encounter in a predefined area
Source: Swiss Re Institute adapted from Evercore ISI, SAE international