Global spread of new and significant emerging disease outbreaks since 1998

Rollover/touch colored zones for details

1999
West Nile virus

2003
Monkeypox

2002
Avian influenza H7N2

2010
Cholera

2011
Swine influenza H3N2v

2013
Chikungunya
2002
EBLV-2

2013
Variegated Squirrel Bornavirus 1

2018/22
Monkeypox
2000
Rift Valley fever

2003
Plague

2005
Human retroviruses
HTLV3, HTLV4

2009
Lassa Fever,
Plague,
Bas-Congo virus

2011/14/16
Lassa Fever

2012
MERS CoV

2014–16
Ebola

2017
Monkeypox
1998
Nipah virus

2002
SARS-CoV

2008
Multi-drug resistant
P. falciparum(AMR)

2013
Avian influenza H7N9,
Avian influenza H10N8

2014
Avian influenza H5N6

2016
Chikungunya

2018
Avian influenza H7N4,
Lyme disease,
Nipah Virus

2019
SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19)

Source: Public Health England, reproduced by Swiss Re Institute