| (Potentially) Modifiable factors that impact cancer risk | Non-modifiable factors that impact cancer risk |
|---|---|
| Cigarette smoking and tobacco use | Family history and genetics, including random genetic errors |
| Alcohol | Hormonal factors |
| Nutrition, diet (e.g., ultra-processed foods) | Gender |
| Physical Inactivity | Age |
| Obesity | Race/ethnicity |
| Infections, e.g., human papilloma virus (HPV), hepatitis B & C | |
| Radiation, e.g., sunlight, Ionizing radiation | |
| Pollution and environmental risk factors, e.g., exposure to certain chemicals |
Source: Swiss Re